Tuesday, September 25, 2012

WOMEN’S RIGHT DURING 1960s AND 1970s

Americans remember the remarkable decade in between 1960s and 1970s as the time of women’s liberation movement. During this period, women showed excellent interest and pursuance in attaining equal rights from the society. Indeed, women have proven that they are crucial addition to the country’s workforce and they impart critical contributions to the society.

Women first met of the abolitionist movement who fight to abolish slavery during the country. Women learned to build arguments that women needs to be given equal rights as to those people of white male citizens. The rights that women pushed in their fight for parity include suffrage, residence rights, college and university admission and also the proper to equal acquire equal work.
Women, together in the ethnic minorities, pursued their requests to alter in 1960s during the civil rights movement. Crusaders of women’s right very first succeeded inside the field of education. The group was in a position to create the very first female medical doctor, Elizabeth Blackwell, who graduated during the Medical College of Geneva in 1849. Twenty years after, Ada H. Kepley will be the very first woman to graduate inside the law school. At the end from the Civil War, several women colleges have been established across the region which allowed far more opportunities for women aside inside teaching profession and motherhood.

The correct to own and inherit property rights was also a landmark from the women’s movement. By the year 1900, married women were given the partial control more than their unique home and wage income in all U.S. states. The appropriate for equal labor rights was created in 1938, when the Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. The act did not mention any particular sex or gender that guaranteed the exact same minimum wage as male workers.3 The act a lot increased the incomes of several underpaid women workers. In later years, Equal Pay Law was passed effectively in the Congress which created it illegal to pay women much less than men in substantially equal work.

The struggle for suffrage was the principal success on the women’s right liberation movement. The struggle for suffrage was a struggle by each state. The campaign for suffrage took 72 years. The first wave from the movement was dated in July 1848 by pioneers Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott at the Seneca Falls Conference in New York wherein the attendees drafted and signed a Declaration of Sentiments, in accordance with the Declaration of Independence that called for ones new rights of women. By 1920, women have been given the appropriate to vote at the federal level in the promulgation from the Nineteenth Amendment.
America has always been known as a society which is dominated by male in various fields. The country used to become a patriarchal society, which promoted men characteristics and strength, undermining the strengths and potentials of women. However, women have proven that they're also fundamental members in the society and render vital contributions in many fields. Indeed, the attainment of parity rights with men was the landmark of women empowerment.

Though it's indeed inevitable that gender discrimination is nevertheless persist in today’s society; however, the fruits of efforts and sacrifices of women’s movement during the early years put women in a far more desirable position than before.

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Thursday, September 13, 2012

Why social work became professionalized? Paper


Each society has for your reality , problems with poverty, wellness and family members living in between its populace. The American society just before the 20th century is no exception since it also faced these issues. Add to that there was a growing need in to address the difficulties growing out of poverty and destitution, and an inadequacy in terms of variety and capabilities in between social workers ' from the era just before the 20th century.

Despite the beneficial intentions of persons in to alleviate and improve the American life, it was evident that the rise of crime rates, juvenile delinquency and the lack of provision for sanitation and public health was already taking its toll on American society. Charity work suddenly became insufficient in addressing these difficulties simply because they did not have the necessary and needed tools for instance research along with other technical skills . The mentality and views of the public with regards to social welfare jobs was also very adverse as it viewed social jobs merely as charity work and not like a science. Actually, social jobs was regarded being a responsibility of every individual and that it was everyone 's organization to look after their much less fortunate brethren , thus blocking the way for social jobs to become a profession.


Although social jobs eventually became professionalized, it was not an event that occurred in just a short whilst. It went a long way in the later part from the eighteenth century into the early 20th century. It started after the Conference of Charities was created in 1865 like a response on the queries and issues of sanitation, relief employment and education in the poor and prevention of crime ' and all other difficulties which occur under the definition of Social Science. The Conference of Charities and the American Social Science Association thought that there must be a scientific and professionalized investigation in terms of facing these issues in society in to obtain an efficient and ly administration of social work all via out society. Yet even with these in notion, there were deviation and separation within the parent bodies of these societies as there had been varying and conflicting views of social work. To some social work must involve practical work ' rather than intensive scientific look for. The group which adapted the name Conference of Charities and Corrections hooked up with individual charities, religious and secular ones.

As the nature of social welfare jobs was debated as a result of the conflicting views in the numerous organizations, it became a process for those searching for to perform social work to conduct on-the-job trainings under the tutelage of older or senior members until eventually some individual agencies started training ' their members by giving lectures and readings. Moreover, as Sociology was already getting taught in American universities and colleges , several of individuals who entered the field of social work began to face it far more as being a science instead of charity alone. It's not nevertheless incidental that Sociology was already being viewed as a science because... 
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Tuesday, September 11, 2012

Movie Essay on Cool Hand Luke


Those who have a tendency to improve their ideas and perspectives in relation towards the others have a tendency to show or express conformity. On a contrary non-conformity would be the tendency of the persons to retain their belief system and point of views even from the presence of others. This 1967 movie, which began by flashing the word violation ' inside screen, illustrates or describes how the life of a free-spirited vagabond known as Lucas Luke ' Jackson stirs up the lives of others inside a struggle of conformity and non-conformity in reaching an ultimate freedom.

From the incredibly starting on the movie, the audience is already presented with non-conformity and disobedience for the law or authority. The character, Luke, was first introduced during the movie by cutting the heads off parking meters. He was obviously drunk and his actions are against the law , and thus had been brought to court where he was asked to defend his side . In accordance with the findings of Flloyd Allport 's studies, conformers do not make extreme judgments whenever they are from the presence of others. On the other hand, due to the fact Luke was a non-conformer, he doesn't deviate from his own beliefs, but rather deviates from the society Rather than defending his self, his powerful spirit remained and he told the court that he was just trying to settle up some old scores. It might suggest that he had previous issues or violations concerning parking rules, concept there were no clues given about it. His deviance irritated those people in authority and caused him to become thrown in Florida prison, obtaining a punishment which does not fit his crime. Within the prison , he becomes part of the chain gang, and his person life becomes entangled with the other inmate 's lives.

People who are sent to prison typically tends to conform towards authority who maintains the, however, Luke who were a non-conformer even previous to getting sent towards prison does not. He even now continues to throw cheerful comments and all-around bravado against the authority in the prison. He often finds some thing wrong within the prison method and boldly states this with cheerful remarks. This kind of non-conformity is opposite towards the type of conformity called the normative influence Instead of being afraid of disapproval by conforming to the expectations with the other inmates in the prison, Luke doesn't conform to their expectations. He gets the approval of the other inmates by continuing his non-conforming personality and by exceeding the expectations of his inmates. A scene within the movie shows how he raised a bet to eat 50 boiled eggs in one hour, resulting to an applause or raised fame inside the prison . His deviance and stubbornness even became a lot more evident once he fought a boxing match with another prisoner known as Dragline. He was beaten and defeated by Dragline inside match . Even so , he persists on not giving up and tried to stand up everytime he falls down. The match only ended when Dragline walked away from it. This kind of actions, stubbornness and non-conformity led towards development of conformity between other prisoners to the him . Moreover, Luke shared his experience of as a buck private during his entire program for the military after he very first entered the Florida prison. He received quite a few medals that recognize his bravery, courage and may even show his humanitarian side, while in the support . These medals did not only show his performance as being a personalized but also gave proof of his deviance to authority . It really is notion that he doesn't receive any marketing or his performance isn't witnessed by his superiors simply because he was using a difficult time in obeying authority. Even so, it may perhaps also suggest that he receives advertising following acquiring the medals , but gets demoted afterwards due to his non-conforming personality. The other prisoners utilized what they know of Luke as being a frequent of an individual they can idolize. In addition to this Luke 's individuality as compared on the others and his relative reputation in comparison with group stands out , proving that he can be somebody who can be admired.


Luke becomes well known in the minds in the prisoners and the authority alike by escaping several times from prison. In 1 of his escapes which genuinely took a quite lengthy time , Luke sends a magazine to his inmates or other prisoners containing a photograph. The photograph shows Luke together with two beautiful women and due to this , the inmates felt thrilled and their expectations or admiration to the Luke increased His reputation in relation towards the others prisoners was raised due to his competence and cunning intelligence as proved by his escapes . On the other hand , he was later on caught and since he was already notorious the prison authorities already marked him and he was beaten severely. In a single on the scenes, Lucas Jackson was even placed within the box ' to prevent him from trying to escape during the death of his mother. The authorities idea that Luke may well use the death of his mother as an alibi to escape once more, and the authorities don't want this to happen They even give harder or heavier punishments to Luke as compared for the other inmates until at last, Luke 's spirit was shattered and he conforms on the authority

The veneration which the other prisoners had on the appear was lost as the deviant spirit of Luke was shattered. He was treated with utmost care by his fellow inmates right after he was severely beaten because of their admiration of his greatness , as proved by the picture he has sent them However, Luke was already delirious due to the pain he had suffered and admits on the other prisoners that it was merely a fake. He even added that it price him much to purchase it. By the time that Luke had recovered from his injuries, the admiration which another prisoners had already includes a crack on it and the movie shows how they kept their distance from Luke. They somehow do not feel his admission and persuaded their selves to feel falsely of his greatness. They do not desire to feel the harsh simple fact of somebody who is being pursued by the authority. This result to a genuine enforcement pressure ' which somehow tells a false compliance of the prisoners to the myth they created about Luke and a false reinforcement (Centola et .al ).

The punishment which was given to him by the authorities, of digging a big hole, filling and digging it up once again, additional decreased his fame and eventually led to a struggle to death. The prisoners felt shame everytime they were to consider Luke. Luke, who wanted to preserve the approval of his inmates and wanting a rest for his human body, conformed towards authority right after he collapsed from exhaustion. He was seen by the prisoners begging for mercy during the Boss or the head on the prison authority. He wanted them to stop from beating him. This kind of conformity finally destroyed the admiration which he gained via his deviant attitude or behavior previous to. His conformity on the authority led to the non-conformity on the prisoners on the Luke. A scene during the movie shows a prisoner tearing up the picture of Luke together on the 2 beautiful ladies. Once Luke collapsed , he was no longer helped by another prisoners and he had a hard time going to his very own bed. Finally everyone deserted him and he was again alone. theless, he mustered his strength and spirit to once more escape from prison. He was successful and this even resulted towards the escape of another prisoner Dragline. The last scenes movie took place in a church exactly where Luke went in to resort to God. The authority, particularly Dragline, tried to bring him back. However, despite the stress which was given by his modern condition , he maintains his independence by disobeying and mocking the captain (Asch). The authorities disgusted with his actions announce that it was a failure of communication ' and shot him to death. Right after his death, Dragline immortalized Luke by telling his legend and his blissful escapes to the other prisoners Luke becoming an embodiment of the prisoner 's rebellious desires.

If Luke had decided to return , then he would be defeated and grow to be like another prisoners who would have to conform on the authority in to stay alive. Nevertheless, his non-conformity led towards the continuation of Luke the hero and to an ultimate, personal freedom. Luke 's death supports the notion or notion that someone just isn't able to win against the system and clearly shows the violation ' on the human spirit.

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