Carcinogenic Studies

Cancer is a disease in which a mutated cadre reproduces uncontrollably, eventually killing its victim. It takes many mutations occurring at the same era for dismisscer to take hold. Usually these mutations are aided by carcinogens. Carcinogens come from three major sources; microorganisms, chemicals and radiation.
Microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and some fungal spores can directly infect cells and manage deoxyribonucleic acid causing mutations. While these mutations are designed to duplicate the hijacker, sometimes they cause the cell to become cancerous. Bacteria such as H. Pylori create a protein,
Hundreds of chemical compounds, both ingrained and inorganic, are known carcinogens. These chemicals are sometimes mistaken by cells as food or needed proteins. When the cell attempts to lend oneself the rogue molecule, mistakes occur and proteins break and cancerous mutations can result. Sometimes, chemicals are downright toxic to the body, the body attempts to respond and something goes wrong.
Both chemical cases are demonstrated in the counterbalanceion of nickel sub-sulfide Ni3S2 and nickel oxides when introduced to the lungs of rats. Nickel oxides cause inflammation, the body responds with phagocytes to clear the debris.



However, phagocyte bi-products react with the nickel sub-sulfide to damage DNA, thus creating cancerous opportunities (Kawanishi).
Radiation can cause direct damage to the cells DNA; this can cause all necessary mutations at once, or build up over years if apoptosis isnt triggered. The tumor, starting as a skin tumor, had developed in a professional man who for four years had unfastened his hands to X-rays. (Lacassagne) Certain radiation can knock nucleotides in or out of sequence, or even rearrange the sequence. Others types set down proteins and enzymes, triggering undesired reactions. Many metal ions while only mildly carcinogenic; greatly prevent the repair of DNA. Ions in the nickel, arsenic, atomic number 27 and cadmiums compounds specifically. (Hartwig)

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