The Instances of Reality and Appearance by Plato

The man at the stooge of the spelunk sees only the shadow of the imitation of reality. If he looks upward, he is blinded by the light from the sun. If he rises and looks back down, he sees how dark the hollow out below really is and comes to understand why his fellows have been blinded and cannot see the reality that is above them. He may see the objects and those carrying them as reality, but this is because he has wild them for reality and has not understood that the sun is outside the cave and not inside and that the real objects are yet to be found.

Appearance becomes reality because man supports it is reality. It is, after all, the only occasion he can see, the only thing he experiences with his express senses. He has not yet risen to the top of the cave and peered out to see the source of the light and the meaning of the ideal.

bottom Dewey discusses the issue of the nature of ends and the nature of means and the relationship betwixt the two. He states that the ends, or objectives, of conduct are those foreseen consequences which influence fall in deliberation and which finally end it by furnishing an adequate foreplay to overt exertion. Ends thus arise and function within satisfy and are not things lying beyond activity at which action is directed.

They are not ends or the end of action at all but are terminals of deliberation and so are turning burdens in activity

3) Every man works on this plan to the academic degree that he permits himself to become so absorbed in nonpareil aspect of what he is doing that he loses sight of the consequences.

8) Moral philosophers assume that the continuous course of events can be arrested at the point of a particular object and that the end may be justice or charity or professional execution or something else identified as a good.

10) Ends are really endless, as are means.

6) Ends may be regarded as literally ends to action and are then seen as frozen and isolated.

1) leadership of states address the foreign affairs of the nation, and these statesmen act on the belief that the welfare of their own country justifies any measure they top executive take to achieve an end.

9) Men are attached to obdurate and eternal ends and see them as finite.

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